What is a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) and Which Ones Do You Need for Your Career?

Navigating large vehicles presents more significant challenges than operating a standard car due to their size, weight, and handling characteristics.

These vehicles include trucks with double or triple trailers, tank trucks, trucks carrying hazardous materials, and passenger vehicles. These are known as Commercial Motor Vehicles (CMVs) in the United States.

You need a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) to drive a CMV. Having a CDL opens up more job opportunities, increases your earning potential, and provides greater job security. It also allows you to specialize in operating specific types of vehicles and to drive your truck across state lines.

Various state Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) issue commercial driver's licenses. They are classified into three categories: Class A, Class B, and Class C, based on the size, weight, and purpose of the vehicle. To obtain a CDL, you must complete an accredited training program and pass knowledge and skills tests.

What is a Commercial Driver's Licence (CDL)?

A commercial driver's license (CDL) is essential for operating specialized vehicles and buses in the United States. This includes large vehicles transporting heavy goods, hazardous materials, or carrying at least 16 passengers.

Getting a CDL is a smart choice if you're considering a career in truck driving or operating large vehicles. This license demonstrates that you have the skills to handle specific types of freight safely.

Operating large vehicles can be challenging, but completing CDL training and obtaining the appropriate license will teach you how to manage these vehicles and respond effectively in emergencies.

A CDL opens doors to various job opportunities within the transportation industry and offers distinct advantages for aspiring truck drivers. With a CDL, you can access a broader range of job options compared to those without a commercial driver's license, and you may earn higher wages as well.

Furthermore, having a CDL allows you to pursue advanced certifications and endorsements. This enhances your skill set and makes you a valuable asset to employers looking for specialized truck drivers.

Types of CDL

There are several types of Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL), each categorized by the size, weight, and function of the commercial vehicles that the holder will operate. The main types include:

Class A Commercial Driver's Licence

The Class A CDL is the most widely recognized commercial driver’s license type. It enables holders to operate a diverse range of commercial vehicles, making getting a job easier.

This license permits the operation of combinations of vehicles, such as semi-trailers or trailers with two or more axles. Specifically, it allows drivers to operate combination vehicles with a gross combination weight of 26,001 lbs or more and tow trailers with a gross vehicle weight of 10,000 lbs or more. Vehicles that demand a CDL rank of Class A include:

• Tank vehicles
• Livestock carriers
• Flatbeds
• Tractor trailers

Depending on the state, Class A CDL holders may also operate other combinations, such as double and triple trailers, as well as tractor-trailer buses. With a Class A CDL, drivers can seek employment in various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and warehousing.

Class B Commercial Driver's Licence 

The Class B Commercial Driver's License (CDL) allows the holder to operate single vehicles with a gross combination weight of 26,001 Ibs or more and trailers with a gross vehicle weight of 10,000 Ibs or more. However, those with a Class B license cannot operate Class A vehicles, including tractor-trailer combinations, but are permitted to operate Class C vehicles.

Vehicles requiring a Class B CDL include:

• Large passenger buses
• Straight trucks
• Box trucks
• Segmented buses
• Dump trucks with small trailers 

A class B CDL holder can be employed in the waste management, moving, construction, and logistics industries.

Class C Commercial Driver's Licence

The class C CDL allows holders to operate one vehicle with a gross weight rating amounting to 26,001 lbs or less, one vehicle that's towing a trailer or another vehicle that weighs less than 10,001 lbs, or a passenger vehicle designed to transport 16 passengers or more including the driver.

Vehicles requiring a Class C CDL include:

• Passenger buses
• Combination vehicles that are below the size and weight of class A and B vehicles

A class C CDL holder can work in the waste management, moving, schools, and logistics industries.

Why Choose the Right CDL Class?

Choosing the right Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is a critical decision that can significantly influence your career in driving. To make an informed choice, it's essential to understand the different classes of CDLs and what they are used for. This understanding will help you identify which CDL best fits your career aspirations.

Next, consider the income and job opportunities associated with each CDL class. A Class A CDL typically offers higher earning potential because it involves driving longer distances and handling more complex vehicles. Also, consider how the various driving jobs will fit your personal life. Long-haul trips, often associated with Class A vehicles, allow you to explore new places, while local routes linked to Class B or C vehicles may be more suitable for family life.

You can select a CDL that aligns with your career goals and lifestyle by carefully weighing these factors.

How To Get a Commercial Driver's License? 

Getting a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) involves several important steps. First, you need to develop the necessary skills and knowledge. Additionally, you must meet residency requirements, which differ between states. Since each state has its process for obtaining a CDL, it is essential to get a copy of your state's CDL manual. You can find this manual at your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) office or on their website.

Meeting Eligibility Requirements

Before you can obtain a CDL, you must meet specific eligibility requirements. In most states, you must be at least 18 years old for an intrastate CDL (driving within your state) and at least 21 years old for an interstate CDL (driving across state lines). You should have a clean driving record and a valid driver's license. In addition, you must complete a physical examination by your state's Department of Transportation. This medical evaluation checks your overall health and ensures you are fit to operate commercial vehicles.

Preparing For CDL training

Before obtaining a CDL, you must take a written test covering safety, commercial driving regulations,  passenger transportation standards, and vehicle operations. As a result, you must enroll in a reputable CDL school. Most CDL schools offer classroom instructions with hands-on training to prepare you for testing.

Earning a Commercial Learner's Permit 

A Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP) enables you to spend time practicing commercial vehicle driving on public roadways, as long as a qualified CDL holder is with you. To get a CLP, you first need to pass a written test. Only applicants with a clean driving record are eligible for a CLP. Everyone will have their driving history examined, looking at data from the last 10 years across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. 

You will also need to provide proof of medical qualification. Most commercial driving jobs require a medical card provided by the DOT or Department of Transportation, which means you'll have to undergo a DOT physical examination. 

Additionally, your state may ask for specific documents to verify your identity and residency. Keep in mind that there are usually fees associated with obtaining a CLP. Following the instructions in your state's CDL manual will help make the process easier.

Passing the CDL Skills Test

To get a Commercial Driver's License (CDL), you must pass three tests:

• Vehicle Inspection Test: You will check different vehicle parts to ensure they work correctly. Some states provide aids to help you remember what to inspect, but you must show that you can perform the inspection correctly.
• Basic Controls Test: This test checks how well you control the vehicle safely, such as backing up, turning, and parking.
• Road Test: You'll be evaluated on your ability to drive safely and follow traffic laws while on the road.

After you pass all three tests, take the required documents to your state's CDL processing counter. Requirements may vary by state, but you will generally need proof of identity, proof of residency, and your test results. In some states, you can receive your CDL the same day you finish the paperwork. This helps you start driving right away. Before you leave the counter, double-check that all your paperwork is correct. This is important to avoid any issues or delays in getting your CDL.

Obtaining Endorsements 

CDL endorsements are certifications added to your license. They show that you have the skills and legal right to operate specific commercial vehicles, like school buses.

To obtain an endorsement, you must first schedule a testing appointment with the Department of Motor Vehicles in your state. Following the appointment, please ensure that the endorsement fee is paid and that you are prepared to take the required test. Upon successfully passing the examination, the endorsement will be issued.

Generally, you can pursue endorsements as soon as you get your CDL. Having a CDL endorsement gives you a comparative advantage over other commercial drivers.

There are different types of CDL endorsements, and they include:

• T endorsement: this allows you to drive two to three trailer configurations. It is useful for long-distance cargo hauling, towing, or construction work.
• P endorsement: this enables you to operate commercial vehicles designed to hold more than 16 people. 
• N endorsement: this allows you to drive commercial vehicles with tanks that can hold liquid or gas
• H endorsement: this allows you the ability to move hazardous materials in the proper vehicle.
• S endorsement: this allows you to drive different kinds of school buses. 

Choosing the right CDL class depends on the type of vehicle you plan to drive and the work you intend to do. Each class comes with its own set of requirements and opportunities and here are some crucial distinctions to help you make up your mind.

Class A CDL

This license is required for operating combination vehicles over 26,001 lbs. They include semi-trucks, livestock trailers, and flatbeds. As a class A CDL holder, you can work as a truck driver in the manufacturing, construction, and warehousing industries.

Class B CDL

This license is required for single vehicles over 26,001 lbs. They include straight trucks, large buses, and dump trucks. Career paths with a Class B CDL include working as a truck driver in the waste management industry, moving industry, construction industry, and logistics industry.

Class C CDL

This is required for smaller vehicles transporting passengers or hazardous materials. They include passenger vans, and small hazmat vehicles.

Maintaining and Renewing Your CDL

If you do not keep your license up to date by maintaining and renewing it as required, it may be suspended. This situation can be frustrating and stressful, as it prevents you from driving your truck and might result in job loss. Therefore, keeping your license current and in good standing is crucial.

Renewal Process

Your commercial driver's license needs to be renewed periodically. The specific CDL renewal requirements vary from state to state. Generally, these licenses are valid for around five years. Some may be valid for four years and others for up to eight years. It's best to check with your state DMV for detailed information on their specific regulations. The cost of renewing your CDL varies by state. For instance, renewing a CDL in Massachusetts costs $75.

Compliance With Federal and State Laws

As a CDL holder, you must adhere to higher standards when operating any motor vehicle on public roads. Non-compliance with federal and state laws can jeopardize your CDL certification, potentially leading to a permanent ban from driving commercial vehicles.

Keeping a Clean Driving Record

Due to the nature of commercial vehicles and how much damage a single commercial can cause when involved in an accident, even a speeding ticket is a severe issue for a commercial driver.

As a commercial driver, having a clean driving record is in your best interest. You can avoid traffic infractions, schedule your drug test early, and renew your license when due.

Having a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is crucial for building a successful career in truck driving. It is essential to select the appropriate CDL category that aligns with your career objectives. Remember, the quality of your training plays a significant role in your success, so take the time to research different programs offered by reputable schools to make the best decision.